树莓派搭建 LEMP 小记
前言
最近有一个音乐学院的朋友想搞一个音频资源共享系统,需要用到 PHP
进行开发,本来是他来提供服务器的,结果……他的服务器到期了,他人又在国外,基本联系不到,于是乎我掏出了我的祖传树莓派,配置一下 PHP
环境,然后,这个故事(事故)就这么开始了……
目标环境
- Raspbian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
- Nginx
- PHP7.3
- Mariadb
准备工作
首先检查了一下祖传的树莓派是否还在正常的运行,顺便看了一下安装了些什么乱七八糟的服务,发现 Nginx
已经搭建好了。
安装 Nginx
本来以为安装
Nginx
会是最省事的一步,结果没想到配置解析PHP
时出现了事故……具体配置后面再述。
1 | # 国际惯例,首先更新软件列表 |
安装 PHP7.3
1 | # 不管是啥一股脑全装上 |
输入 php -v
检查是否安装成功。
开启 php7.3-fpm
:
1 | sudo service php7.3-fpm start |
安装 Mariadb
1 | sudo apt-get install mariadb-server-10.0 |
安装完成后输入
1 | sudo mysql |
进入 mysql
,进入后用户变为 MariaDB [(none)]
。
输入以下命令初始化数据库:
1 | USE mysql; |
配置完 mysql
数据库之后重启 mysql
:
1 | sudo service mysql restart |
配置 Nginx
Nginx
安装成功之后,不出意外的话会自动开启服务,根目录在 /var/www/html
,接下来开始配置 Nginx
解析 PHP
。
关于如何配置我之前也查过不少博客文章,发现千篇一律都是更改 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
或者是 /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
(这两个是链接文件,后者是源文件,改谁都一样)中的 location ~ \.php$
段,然后在 index
中添加 index.php
,经过多次尝试,发现在我的系统上不适用,访问 .php
便会下载文件,于是又查阅了一些资料,终于在我的设备上成功访问 .php
,配置如下:
编辑
/etc/nginx/sites-available/default
文件:1
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
具体怎么修改就不多赘述了,直接贴最终配置文件:
Nginx 配置文件
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106##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
# https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
#
# In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
# leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
# updated by the nginx packaging team.
#
# This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
# applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
# available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##
# Default server configuration
#
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
# SSL configuration
#
# listen 443 ssl default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
#
# Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
# See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
#
# Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
# See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
#
# Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
# Don't use them in a production server!
#
# include snippets/snakeoil.conf;
root /var/www/html;
# 注意这里添加 index.php
# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
server_name _;
# 这里就是出问题的一个地方,网上的教程一般不会要求注释这里
# location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
# 添加这么一条 location 段
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php;
}
# 这里添加这么一段,其实就是把下面的一段给改了一下,推荐直接复制粘贴这一段,不然可能会失败。
location ~\.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
#
# location ~ \.php$ {
# include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
#
# # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
# fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
# # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# }
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
# listen 80;
# listen [::]:80;
#
# server_name example.com;
#
# root /var/www/example.com;
# index index.html;
#
# location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
#}编辑
/etc/nginx/site-enabled/default.conf
文件,注意这里就是很多教程没有改的东西,至于如何修改,参照第一步来就行,一摸一样……重启
Nginx
服务1
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5# 可以先检查一下配置文件是否正确
sudo nginx -t
# 验证没问题之后,让 Nginx 重载配置文件
sudo nginx -s reload浏览器访问一下
.php
页面试试,看看是不是成功了。
结语
以前刚买来树莓派折腾个人服务器的时候就配置过 PHP
,但是那个时候没有太多时间折腾,试了几种方法不行之后就没再管过他,没想到今天又重新搞了一遍……说到底还是太菜了,流下了没有技术的眼泪。